HIF-2 alpha Rabbit Recombinant mAb

HIF-2 alpha Rabbit Recombinant mAb detects endogenous levels of total HIF-2.

Hypoxia is defined as a reduction of oxygen amount available to a cell, tissue or organism. Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), are the master regulators of oxygen homeostasis and play a role in development, postnatal physiology as well as disease pathogenesis. Two known hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), HIF-1α and HIF-2α, primarily mediate the transcriptional response to hypoxia. Despite the high homology between HIF-1α and HIF-2α, emerging evidence suggests differences between both molecules in terms of transcriptional targets as well as impact on multiple physiological pathways and tumorigenesis. HIF-2 is a heterologous dimeric protein complex that consists of two subunits: HIF-2α and HIF-1β. Both HIF-2α and HIF-1β belong to the superfamily of transcription factors bHLH-PAS. HIF-2α expression is restricted to specific types, including endothelial cells, glial cells, type II pneumocytes, cardiomyocytes, kidney fibroblasts, interstitial cells of the pancreas and duodenum and hepatocytes. It is confined to the cell nucleus and expressed only under hypoxic stimulation. HIF-2α and HIF-1α regulate key downstream genes, including c-Myc, p53, mTOR and β-catenin, conversely. HIF-2α induction promotes cell cycle progression by enhancing c-Myc function. HIF-2α plays a critical role in metabolism, modulating the expression of cytochrome c oxidase isoforms so as to maximize the efficiency of the electron transport chain. Defects in this response lead to impaired ATP production and elevated oxidant production in hypoxia.