CRISPR/Cas9

Cells were treated with brefeldin A or manumycin A, and the resulting supernatant was collected after 48 h for exosomal preparation (lanes 1 and 2), or exosomes obtained from C81 cells were trypsin-treated or freeze/thawed (F/T) and then trypsin-treated (lanes 3 and 4). Lanes 5 and 6, input exosome controls from C81 or CEM cells, respectively. Resulting exosomes were assayed for the presence of Tax by Western blotting.

A, HeLa cells were treated with DMSO, Taxol (100 nM for 16 h), or Nocodazole (Noco, 100 ng/ml for 16 h). Total cell lysates were probed with the indicated antibodies against Hippo components on Phos-tag SDS-polyacrylamide gels. O and * mark the non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated proteins, respectively.

CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance promotes diminished ER expression and activity. (a and b) Proliferation of MCF-7 and MR cells in the presence of different concentrations of ICI (a) or 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) (b) was measured by the alamarBlue assay and plotted as % inhibition of proliferation against log concentration of inhibitor. Each data point represents the average value±s.d. of six replicates obtained in three independent experiments.

The start codon CUG of PTEN-long was mutated to AUG and PTENlong expression is significantly increased. gRNA1 and gRNA2 have similar efficiency in driving PTEN-long expression (lanes 1 and 2). Combined gRNA1 and gRNA2 (lane 3) did not enhance PTEN-long expression compared to lane 1 and 2. The ssODN is required for mutation of CTG to ATG through HDR and without which PTEN-long is not expressed (lane 4). PTEN-long cDNA cloned into pcDNA3.1 with CTG to ATG mutation was highly expressed in transfected HEK293T cells (lane 5). Lane 6 is protein ladder. Lanes 7–10 indicate that the combination of gRNA and ssODN is required to facilitate HDR occurrence and double-strand DNA break.

Cells were treated with brefeldin A or manumycin A, and the resulting supernatant was collected after 48 h for exosomal preparation (lanes 1 and 2), or exosomes obtained from C81 cells were trypsin-treated or freeze/thawed (F/T) and then trypsin-treated (lanes 3 and 4). Lanes 5 and 6, input exosome controls from C81 or CEM cells, respectively. Resulting exosomes were assayed for the presence of Tax by Western blotting.

A, HeLa cells were treated with DMSO, Taxol (100 nM for 16 h), or Nocodazole (Noco, 100 ng/ml for 16 h). Total cell lysates were probed with the indicated antibodies against Hippo components on Phos-tag SDS-polyacrylamide gels. O and * mark the non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated proteins, respectively.

CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance promotes diminished ER expression and activity. (a and b) Proliferation of MCF-7 and MR cells in the presence of different concentrations of ICI (a) or 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OHT) (b) was measured by the alamarBlue assay and plotted as % inhibition of proliferation against log concentration of inhibitor. Each data point represents the average value±s.d. of six replicates obtained in three independent experiments.

The start codon CUG of PTEN-long was mutated to AUG and PTENlong expression is significantly increased. gRNA1 and gRNA2 have similar efficiency in driving PTEN-long expression (lanes 1 and 2). Combined gRNA1 and gRNA2 (lane 3) did not enhance PTEN-long expression compared to lane 1 and 2. The ssODN is required for mutation of CTG to ATG through HDR and without which PTEN-long is not expressed (lane 4). PTEN-long cDNA cloned into pcDNA3.1 with CTG to ATG mutation was highly expressed in transfected HEK293T cells (lane 5). Lane 6 is protein ladder. Lanes 7–10 indicate that the combination of gRNA and ssODN is required to facilitate HDR occurrence and double-strand DNA break.