Rho

The ROCK inhibitors fasudil and Y27632 prevented SCP2 cell bone metastasis in nude mice (n = 10 per group). Shown are BLI images of bone metastases, IHC analyses of SMAD3 C-tail phosphorylation and PTHLH, osteoclast TRAP staining, and BLI quantitation.

Isolation of cd T cells. PBMCs were cultured in the presence of 400 nM ZA and 200 IU/ml IL-2 over 10 days. cd T cells were isolated by negative MACS isolation. Flow cytometric analysis revealed co-expression of CD3 and TCRcd on over 99% of cells of the flow through fraction (A). The T cells expressed the TCRVd2 chain (B) and the CD56 protein (C).

MES cells were treated with Rac inhibitor (50 μM EHT1864 or NSC23766) and assayed for self-renewal by serial passage mammosphere formation. P1, passage 1; P2, passage 2. Data are means ± SEM of three biological replicates. *P ≤ 0.05 by two-tailed t test.

(f) Liver samples from both groups treated with olive oil, CCl4, CCl4+NSC23766 or +EHop-016 for 4 weeks were collected for Rac1 activity assay and western blot analysis.

Rho GTPases were involved in NaAsO2 induced apoptosis in rat CGNs. A. Representative fluorescence images of cells exposed to 0 and 10 μM NaAsO2 for 24 h with or without ZCL278 (an inhibitor of Cdc42), or a Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766. Both ZCL278 and NSC23766 reduced the apoptotic cells. B. The graph indicates TUNEL-positive rat CGNs exposed to NaAsO2 (10 μM) with ZCL278 or NSC23766 groups decreased significantly compared with those of NaAsO2 treatment group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD from at least 5 visual fields. C. Rat CGNs in 96-well plates were treated by 0 and 10 μM NaAsO2 for 24h with or without ZCL278 (an inhibitor of Cdc42) pretreatment for 1 h, or a Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 pretreatment for 12 h, and assessed by a CCK-8. ZCL278 and NSC23766 increased rat CGNs viability exposed to NaAsO2. All statistical results are expressed as means±SD from at least three independent experiments. ***P<0.001 vs control, # P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 VS NaAsO2 treatment group.

Cells were treated with CCG-1423 for 48 h. CCG-1423 blocked the nuclear translocation of MRTF-A.

E) Representative images of 3-dimensional visualization of vessel networks, H&E staining, and Masson staining. Dotted straight line indicates the femur—implant junction (F, femur; I, implant). Black box, implant region; blue arrows, osteocytes; yellow arrows, osteoblast cells; black triangle, newly formed bone or implant debris, black arrows, chondrocyte-like cells; red triangle, blood sinus. Scale bars, 200 μm.

(A) The survival rate detected at 72 h after the injection of different concentrations of ML141; shrimp injected with DMSO were used as controls. (B) The expression of WSSV IE1 at the mRNA level at 24 h post ML141 injection. Shrimp injected with the same amount of DMSO in each group were used as controls.

The ROCK inhibitors fasudil and Y27632 prevented SCP2 cell bone metastasis in nude mice (n = 10 per group). Shown are BLI images of bone metastases, IHC analyses of SMAD3 C-tail phosphorylation and PTHLH, osteoclast TRAP staining, and BLI quantitation.

Isolation of cd T cells. PBMCs were cultured in the presence of 400 nM ZA and 200 IU/ml IL-2 over 10 days. cd T cells were isolated by negative MACS isolation. Flow cytometric analysis revealed co-expression of CD3 and TCRcd on over 99% of cells of the flow through fraction (A). The T cells expressed the TCRVd2 chain (B) and the CD56 protein (C).

MES cells were treated with Rac inhibitor (50 μM EHT1864 or NSC23766) and assayed for self-renewal by serial passage mammosphere formation. P1, passage 1; P2, passage 2. Data are means ± SEM of three biological replicates. *P ≤ 0.05 by two-tailed t test.

(f) Liver samples from both groups treated with olive oil, CCl4, CCl4+NSC23766 or +EHop-016 for 4 weeks were collected for Rac1 activity assay and western blot analysis.

Rho GTPases were involved in NaAsO2 induced apoptosis in rat CGNs. A. Representative fluorescence images of cells exposed to 0 and 10 μM NaAsO2 for 24 h with or without ZCL278 (an inhibitor of Cdc42), or a Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766. Both ZCL278 and NSC23766 reduced the apoptotic cells. B. The graph indicates TUNEL-positive rat CGNs exposed to NaAsO2 (10 μM) with ZCL278 or NSC23766 groups decreased significantly compared with those of NaAsO2 treatment group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD from at least 5 visual fields. C. Rat CGNs in 96-well plates were treated by 0 and 10 μM NaAsO2 for 24h with or without ZCL278 (an inhibitor of Cdc42) pretreatment for 1 h, or a Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 pretreatment for 12 h, and assessed by a CCK-8. ZCL278 and NSC23766 increased rat CGNs viability exposed to NaAsO2. All statistical results are expressed as means±SD from at least three independent experiments. ***P<0.001 vs control, # P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 VS NaAsO2 treatment group.

Cells were treated with CCG-1423 for 48 h. CCG-1423 blocked the nuclear translocation of MRTF-A.

E) Representative images of 3-dimensional visualization of vessel networks, H&E staining, and Masson staining. Dotted straight line indicates the femur—implant junction (F, femur; I, implant). Black box, implant region; blue arrows, osteocytes; yellow arrows, osteoblast cells; black triangle, newly formed bone or implant debris, black arrows, chondrocyte-like cells; red triangle, blood sinus. Scale bars, 200 μm.

(A) The survival rate detected at 72 h after the injection of different concentrations of ML141; shrimp injected with DMSO were used as controls. (B) The expression of WSSV IE1 at the mRNA level at 24 h post ML141 injection. Shrimp injected with the same amount of DMSO in each group were used as controls.