DNA-PK

Inhibition of PI3K, ERK and mTOR prevents the activation of S6K1 and S6 induced by suppression of PKD1 activity. A549 cells were incubated in the absence (-) or presence of either 5 uM Kb or 5 uM Kb and 20 uM LY294002 or 5 uM Kb and 10 uM BKM120 (as indicated) for 1 h prior to stimulation of cells with 50 nM PMA for 30 min and 1 h.

We treated all of drugs in T47D which has a PI3KCA H1044R mutation with the concentration shown below for 1 hour and performed western blot analysis using antibodies to phospho-AKT(SERINE 472), and total AKT.

 

Validation of activity and specificity of chemical inhibitors of; ATM, ATR, and DNAPK. H460 cells were treated with 1 uM camptothecin (CPT) or 20 ug/ml bleomycin for 1 h in the presence of the indicated inhibitors: DNAPK-i1—NU7026, DNAPK-i2—NU7441. MSH6, fibrillarin, and tubulin were used as loading controls.Effects of DNAPK inhibitors on its autophosphorylation in bleomycin-treated cells.

L3.6pl cells at 6,000 cells per well were incubated in MEM with 5% FBS in triplicate in a 96-well culture plate and then treated alone with 5 umol/L BMS-777607, 10 umol/L wortmannin, or with BMS-777607 in combination with individual inhibitors. Polyploidy was examined under BK71 Olympus microscope and photographed 72 hours after treatment.

A549 cells were treated with DMSO or PIK-75 (200 nM) for 1 h and subsequently stimulated with izTRAIL for 24 h. Long-term survival was visualized after 7 days by crystal violet staining. One of two independent experiments is shown.

DNA damage-induced inhibition of rRNA synthesis is dependent on DNA-PK and PARP-1 activity. Representative nuclei stained by EU are shown 22 h after 2 h treatment with 25 µg/ml cisplatin. Cells were treated with cisplatin under the following conditions: pretreatment with Nu7026 (Nu7026, 26) or Nu7441 (Nu7441, 41)

U2OS cells were plated in six-well plates using complete medium. The next day the cells were washed four times with NaCl/P_i before maintaining them for 6 h in serum- and glucose-free DMEM supplemented as indicated in the absence or presence of 0.1 uM Torin 2 for the last 1 h. The cells were control- treated, treated with 1 ug/mL insulin or treated with 1 mM H2O2 for 15 min. Thereafter, cell lysates were prepared and western blotting was performed using the indicated antibodies.

PP121 induces apoptosis in ATC cells. CAL62 cells were treated with PP121 at the indicated concentrations for 48 h, followed by PI staining. The nuclei were stained with Hoechst and analyzed using a fluorescent microscope. The representative images are shown.

Knocking down LKB1 reversed the PPARc antagonist T0070907-induced changes in the protein expression of the M1 markers (iNOS, green) and the M2 markers (CD206, red) by immunofluorescence staining. Scale bar = 20 μm.

a/ Western blot showing knock down efficiency obtained with the siRNAs targeting either Ku70 or Ku80. b/ Quantitation of genome editing events from cells transfected with pQCiG-TLR and ΔeGFP donor in the presence of 2 μM NU7441, 250 nM KU-0060648, siRNAs targeting Ku70, Ku80, DNA-PKcs or DNA ligase IV, 1 μM Scr7, or a combination of Scr7 and 2 μM NU7441 or 250 nM KU-0060648. The HDR and NHEJ values are relative to those obtained with Cas9, sgRNA, and ΔeGFP donor in the presence of vehicle (DMSO). Results are from biological replicates performed in technical duplicates. Significance (relative to vehicle) was calculated using the Student’s t-test: *p ≤0.05; **p ≤0.01; ns, not significant.

The structure and formula weight of LY3023414 were presented (A). Established human glioma cells (U251MG and A172 lines), primary human astrocytes (“Astrocytes”) or primary human glioma cells [three lines, “Glioma (L1/2/3)”], were either left untreated (“Ctrl”) or treated with LY3023414 at 1-1000 nM, cells were further cultured for indicated time; Cell survival was tested (B, C, and E) (n=5). Cell proliferation was also tested by the BrdU ELISA assay (D and F) (n=5). *p < 0.05 vs. “Ctrl”. Experiments in this figure were repeated three times.

Inhibition of PI3K, ERK and mTOR prevents the activation of S6K1 and S6 induced by suppression of PKD1 activity. A549 cells were incubated in the absence (-) or presence of either 5 uM Kb or 5 uM Kb and 20 uM LY294002 or 5 uM Kb and 10 uM BKM120 (as indicated) for 1 h prior to stimulation of cells with 50 nM PMA for 30 min and 1 h.

We treated all of drugs in T47D which has a PI3KCA H1044R mutation with the concentration shown below for 1 hour and performed western blot analysis using antibodies to phospho-AKT(SERINE 472), and total AKT.

 

Validation of activity and specificity of chemical inhibitors of; ATM, ATR, and DNAPK. H460 cells were treated with 1 uM camptothecin (CPT) or 20 ug/ml bleomycin for 1 h in the presence of the indicated inhibitors: DNAPK-i1—NU7026, DNAPK-i2—NU7441. MSH6, fibrillarin, and tubulin were used as loading controls.Effects of DNAPK inhibitors on its autophosphorylation in bleomycin-treated cells.

L3.6pl cells at 6,000 cells per well were incubated in MEM with 5% FBS in triplicate in a 96-well culture plate and then treated alone with 5 umol/L BMS-777607, 10 umol/L wortmannin, or with BMS-777607 in combination with individual inhibitors. Polyploidy was examined under BK71 Olympus microscope and photographed 72 hours after treatment.

A549 cells were treated with DMSO or PIK-75 (200 nM) for 1 h and subsequently stimulated with izTRAIL for 24 h. Long-term survival was visualized after 7 days by crystal violet staining. One of two independent experiments is shown.

DNA damage-induced inhibition of rRNA synthesis is dependent on DNA-PK and PARP-1 activity. Representative nuclei stained by EU are shown 22 h after 2 h treatment with 25 µg/ml cisplatin. Cells were treated with cisplatin under the following conditions: pretreatment with Nu7026 (Nu7026, 26) or Nu7441 (Nu7441, 41)

U2OS cells were plated in six-well plates using complete medium. The next day the cells were washed four times with NaCl/P_i before maintaining them for 6 h in serum- and glucose-free DMEM supplemented as indicated in the absence or presence of 0.1 uM Torin 2 for the last 1 h. The cells were control- treated, treated with 1 ug/mL insulin or treated with 1 mM H2O2 for 15 min. Thereafter, cell lysates were prepared and western blotting was performed using the indicated antibodies.

PP121 induces apoptosis in ATC cells. CAL62 cells were treated with PP121 at the indicated concentrations for 48 h, followed by PI staining. The nuclei were stained with Hoechst and analyzed using a fluorescent microscope. The representative images are shown.

Knocking down LKB1 reversed the PPARc antagonist T0070907-induced changes in the protein expression of the M1 markers (iNOS, green) and the M2 markers (CD206, red) by immunofluorescence staining. Scale bar = 20 μm.

a/ Western blot showing knock down efficiency obtained with the siRNAs targeting either Ku70 or Ku80. b/ Quantitation of genome editing events from cells transfected with pQCiG-TLR and ΔeGFP donor in the presence of 2 μM NU7441, 250 nM KU-0060648, siRNAs targeting Ku70, Ku80, DNA-PKcs or DNA ligase IV, 1 μM Scr7, or a combination of Scr7 and 2 μM NU7441 or 250 nM KU-0060648. The HDR and NHEJ values are relative to those obtained with Cas9, sgRNA, and ΔeGFP donor in the presence of vehicle (DMSO). Results are from biological replicates performed in technical duplicates. Significance (relative to vehicle) was calculated using the Student’s t-test: *p ≤0.05; **p ≤0.01; ns, not significant.

The structure and formula weight of LY3023414 were presented (A). Established human glioma cells (U251MG and A172 lines), primary human astrocytes (“Astrocytes”) or primary human glioma cells [three lines, “Glioma (L1/2/3)”], were either left untreated (“Ctrl”) or treated with LY3023414 at 1-1000 nM, cells were further cultured for indicated time; Cell survival was tested (B, C, and E) (n=5). Cell proliferation was also tested by the BrdU ELISA assay (D and F) (n=5). *p < 0.05 vs. “Ctrl”. Experiments in this figure were repeated three times.