HIV

Three-dimensional responses of MCF7/IGF-1R cells to TAM (1 μM), E2 and IGF-1. Compared to parental MCF7 cells (a), MCF7/IGF-1R cells (b) in three-dimensional (3D) culture formed bigger acini in response to IGF-1 stimulation and displayed significant TAM resistance when treated with TAM (1 μM) + E2 + IGF-1, which was removable by kinase inhibitors BMS-536924, U0126 and BEZ235 (c). Cells (10,000/well) were seeded in 96-well plates. Acini were formed on 100% Matrigel and cultured for 14 days in starving medium containing 2% Matrigel and 5% charcoal/dextran-stripped fetal bovine serum with the treatments as indicated. Concentrations used: TAM (1 μM), E2 (1 nM) and IGF-1 (100 ng/mL). Confocal image original magnification, × 20. Red, rhodamine phalloidin (actin). Blue, Hoechst blue stain. Results are representative of two individual experiments.

Cell viabilities with increasing concentrations of cisplatin (CP) and doxorubicin (DOXO) under normoxic and hypoxic condition for 48 hours were determined by MTT assay. IC50 values are presented as the means ?SDs (n=4) and * denotes p<0.05.

(C) In vivo treatment of Tg:Pomc-Pttg;Pomc-eGFP embryos with small-molecule CDK inhibitors (50 μM) or 0.2% DMSO as control from 18 to 40 hpf. One hundred to one hundred fifty embryos were treated with each compound. Representative images of live embryos are shown with gross morphology (Right) and pituitary Pomc-GFP-positive cells at higher magnification (Left) at 40 hpf. Embryos exposed to flavopiridol developed early developmental defect before pituitary POMC cell ontogeny occurs. (D) Relative expression of pituitary Pomc-eGFP fluorescence analyzed using Volocity 5.2 software (Improvision; mean ±SE of relative expression, n = 7). (E) R-roscovitine specifically suppresses expansion of pituitary POMC cells overexpressing zPttg from 18 to 48 hpf. Double transgenic Tg:Pomc-Pttg;Prl-RFP embryos were generated by breeding Tg:Pomc-Pttg fish with a previously generated PRL-RFP transgenic line, in which RFP was targeted to pituitary lactotrophs by a zebrafish Prolactin promoter (34). Representative fluorescent microscopy of pituitary POMC-eGFP (a and b) and PRL-RFP (c and d) expression in live Tg:Pomc-Pttg; Pomc-eGFP and Tg:Pomc-Pttg;Prl-RFP embryos treated with 0.2% DMSO (a and c) or 50 μM R-roscovitine (b and d). (F) Relative expression of pituitary POMC-eGFP or PRL-RFP fluorescence were analyzed (mean ±SE of relative expression; n = 10). Results represent one of three similar experiments;*P < 0.02 and **P < 0.000005. (Scale bar, 50 μm.)

CCR5 antagonists block FBS-induced breast cancer cell invasion. 3D reconstruction of FBS-induced invasion into collagen gels by Hs578T (A) or SUM-159 (C) breast cancer cells in presence of CCR5 antagonists (100 nmol/L). The corresponding quantifications (mean ±SEM, n = 3) and analysis (Bonferronit test) are displayed in B and D.

Comparative efficacy of anticancer therapies (Flavopiridol, vincristine, daunorubicin, et al.) in NMC vs non-NMC cell lines. Mean IC50 (± s.e.m.) of the indicated agents in three NMC (PER-403, PER-624, and PER-704) and two non-NMC cell lines (PER-535 and SAOS2), ***P<0.001, unpaired t-test, corrected for multiple testing.

DNA-PKcs suppression mediated ROS production and GSH content in HepG2 cells exposed to CDDP and 5-Fu. a DNA-PKcs inhibition promoted ROS production in HepG2 cells treated with indicated concentrations of CDDP and 5-Fu. DCFH-DA fluorescent analysis was performed to assess the ROS level. Data presented were mean ?SD of three independent experiments.

Effect of triciribine on the migration of (A) FaDu and (B) Hep2 cells. The cells were treated with 5 µM triciribine for different periods of time. *P<0.05 vs. control. Hpf, high-power field.

BLI of NSG mice engrafted with BV173, treated with no therapy (control), plerixafor: 1 mg/kg IP daily, ESKM 100 ug twice weekly, and a combination of ESKM and plerixafor. (A) Logarithmic plot of BLI of leukemia growth measured weekly. Error bars are 5-95% confidence intervals. There was a small but not significant difference between ESKM and combination treated group. (B) End of therapy (day 34) BLI.

HepT1, HepG2, and HuH6 cells were treated with increasing doses of aprepitant or SP [100 nM] and Western blot analysis was performed for the apoptotic markers PARP, Caspase-3, and BID.

Western blot analysis of XIAP and cIAP1 expression and PARP cleavage in H460, A549 and 34LU cells pre-treated with vorinostat or entinostat for 6h followed by the SMAC mimetic birinapant for 24h.

Human PBMCs containing indicated concentrations of Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate were inoculated with 5 ng mock-exposed or semen-exposed R5-HIV-luciferase, or 50 ng R5-HIV-luciferase as infectivity matched control. Infection rates were determined 3 days post inoculation.

BLI of NSG mice engrafted with BV173, treated with no therapy (control), plerixafor: 1 mg/kg IP daily, ESKM 100 ug twice weekly, and a combination of ESKM and plerixafor. (A) Logarithmic plot of BLI of leukemia growth measured weekly. Error bars are 5-95% confidence intervals. There was a small but not significant difference between ESKM and combination treated group. (B) End of therapy (day 34) BLI.

Lethally irradiated C57BL/6 recipient mice were injected with a 1:1 mixture of GFP+JAK2(V671F) and wild-type bone marrow cells. Five weeks later, mice were treated with vehicle (C), hydroxyurea (H; 30 mg/kg twice daily IP), ruxolitinib (R; 30 mg/kg twice daily oral gavage), BMN673 (B; 0.33 mg/kg IV), H+R, H+B, R+B, and H+R+B for 3 weeks. Percentage of GFP+JAK2(V617F) was measured in (panel B) bone marrow cells, (panel C) splenocytes, and (panel D) peripheral blood leukocytes; (panel E) number of GFP+JAK2(V617F) Lin−Sca1+c-Kit+ (LSK) cells per 106 bone marrow cells was calculated, too. *P < .05, **P < .05, and ***P < .05 when compared with control, single treatment, and double treatment, respectively, from 6 to 7 mice using the Student t test.

UA and Q-VD-Oph attenuated TNF-α-induced unclear translocation of NF-κB (C) and P-STAT3(S727) (D) in BEAS-2B cells.

Three-dimensional responses of MCF7/IGF-1R cells to TAM (1 μM), E2 and IGF-1. Compared to parental MCF7 cells (a), MCF7/IGF-1R cells (b) in three-dimensional (3D) culture formed bigger acini in response to IGF-1 stimulation and displayed significant TAM resistance when treated with TAM (1 μM) + E2 + IGF-1, which was removable by kinase inhibitors BMS-536924, U0126 and BEZ235 (c). Cells (10,000/well) were seeded in 96-well plates. Acini were formed on 100% Matrigel and cultured for 14 days in starving medium containing 2% Matrigel and 5% charcoal/dextran-stripped fetal bovine serum with the treatments as indicated. Concentrations used: TAM (1 μM), E2 (1 nM) and IGF-1 (100 ng/mL). Confocal image original magnification, × 20. Red, rhodamine phalloidin (actin). Blue, Hoechst blue stain. Results are representative of two individual experiments.

Cell viabilities with increasing concentrations of cisplatin (CP) and doxorubicin (DOXO) under normoxic and hypoxic condition for 48 hours were determined by MTT assay. IC50 values are presented as the means ?SDs (n=4) and * denotes p<0.05.

(C) In vivo treatment of Tg:Pomc-Pttg;Pomc-eGFP embryos with small-molecule CDK inhibitors (50 μM) or 0.2% DMSO as control from 18 to 40 hpf. One hundred to one hundred fifty embryos were treated with each compound. Representative images of live embryos are shown with gross morphology (Right) and pituitary Pomc-GFP-positive cells at higher magnification (Left) at 40 hpf. Embryos exposed to flavopiridol developed early developmental defect before pituitary POMC cell ontogeny occurs. (D) Relative expression of pituitary Pomc-eGFP fluorescence analyzed using Volocity 5.2 software (Improvision; mean ±SE of relative expression, n = 7). (E) R-roscovitine specifically suppresses expansion of pituitary POMC cells overexpressing zPttg from 18 to 48 hpf. Double transgenic Tg:Pomc-Pttg;Prl-RFP embryos were generated by breeding Tg:Pomc-Pttg fish with a previously generated PRL-RFP transgenic line, in which RFP was targeted to pituitary lactotrophs by a zebrafish Prolactin promoter (34). Representative fluorescent microscopy of pituitary POMC-eGFP (a and b) and PRL-RFP (c and d) expression in live Tg:Pomc-Pttg; Pomc-eGFP and Tg:Pomc-Pttg;Prl-RFP embryos treated with 0.2% DMSO (a and c) or 50 μM R-roscovitine (b and d). (F) Relative expression of pituitary POMC-eGFP or PRL-RFP fluorescence were analyzed (mean ±SE of relative expression; n = 10). Results represent one of three similar experiments;*P < 0.02 and **P < 0.000005. (Scale bar, 50 μm.)

CCR5 antagonists block FBS-induced breast cancer cell invasion. 3D reconstruction of FBS-induced invasion into collagen gels by Hs578T (A) or SUM-159 (C) breast cancer cells in presence of CCR5 antagonists (100 nmol/L). The corresponding quantifications (mean ±SEM, n = 3) and analysis (Bonferronit test) are displayed in B and D.

Comparative efficacy of anticancer therapies (Flavopiridol, vincristine, daunorubicin, et al.) in NMC vs non-NMC cell lines. Mean IC50 (± s.e.m.) of the indicated agents in three NMC (PER-403, PER-624, and PER-704) and two non-NMC cell lines (PER-535 and SAOS2), ***P<0.001, unpaired t-test, corrected for multiple testing.

DNA-PKcs suppression mediated ROS production and GSH content in HepG2 cells exposed to CDDP and 5-Fu. a DNA-PKcs inhibition promoted ROS production in HepG2 cells treated with indicated concentrations of CDDP and 5-Fu. DCFH-DA fluorescent analysis was performed to assess the ROS level. Data presented were mean ?SD of three independent experiments.

Effect of triciribine on the migration of (A) FaDu and (B) Hep2 cells. The cells were treated with 5 µM triciribine for different periods of time. *P<0.05 vs. control. Hpf, high-power field.

BLI of NSG mice engrafted with BV173, treated with no therapy (control), plerixafor: 1 mg/kg IP daily, ESKM 100 ug twice weekly, and a combination of ESKM and plerixafor. (A) Logarithmic plot of BLI of leukemia growth measured weekly. Error bars are 5-95% confidence intervals. There was a small but not significant difference between ESKM and combination treated group. (B) End of therapy (day 34) BLI.

HepT1, HepG2, and HuH6 cells were treated with increasing doses of aprepitant or SP [100 nM] and Western blot analysis was performed for the apoptotic markers PARP, Caspase-3, and BID.

Western blot analysis of XIAP and cIAP1 expression and PARP cleavage in H460, A549 and 34LU cells pre-treated with vorinostat or entinostat for 6h followed by the SMAC mimetic birinapant for 24h.

Human PBMCs containing indicated concentrations of Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate were inoculated with 5 ng mock-exposed or semen-exposed R5-HIV-luciferase, or 50 ng R5-HIV-luciferase as infectivity matched control. Infection rates were determined 3 days post inoculation.

BLI of NSG mice engrafted with BV173, treated with no therapy (control), plerixafor: 1 mg/kg IP daily, ESKM 100 ug twice weekly, and a combination of ESKM and plerixafor. (A) Logarithmic plot of BLI of leukemia growth measured weekly. Error bars are 5-95% confidence intervals. There was a small but not significant difference between ESKM and combination treated group. (B) End of therapy (day 34) BLI.

Lethally irradiated C57BL/6 recipient mice were injected with a 1:1 mixture of GFP+JAK2(V671F) and wild-type bone marrow cells. Five weeks later, mice were treated with vehicle (C), hydroxyurea (H; 30 mg/kg twice daily IP), ruxolitinib (R; 30 mg/kg twice daily oral gavage), BMN673 (B; 0.33 mg/kg IV), H+R, H+B, R+B, and H+R+B for 3 weeks. Percentage of GFP+JAK2(V617F) was measured in (panel B) bone marrow cells, (panel C) splenocytes, and (panel D) peripheral blood leukocytes; (panel E) number of GFP+JAK2(V617F) Lin−Sca1+c-Kit+ (LSK) cells per 106 bone marrow cells was calculated, too. *P < .05, **P < .05, and ***P < .05 when compared with control, single treatment, and double treatment, respectively, from 6 to 7 mice using the Student t test.

UA and Q-VD-Oph attenuated TNF-α-induced unclear translocation of NF-κB (C) and P-STAT3(S727) (D) in BEAS-2B cells.