IκB/IKK

Induction of basal p62 Ser403 phosphorylation in ULK1/2-deficient MEF was suppressed by BX-795, an inhibitor of TBK1. WT ( Ulk1 +/+/Ulk2 +/+) and Ulk1 -/- /Ulk2 -/-(KO) MEF were treated with NaCl/Pi (Con) or 10 uM BX-795 for 6 h, and subjected to immunoblotting with indicated antibodies.

Immunofluorescence images of Ishikawa cells showing the increase in the nuclear colocalization of ERa (red) and p65 (green) after E2 incubation. Nuclear colocalization is yellow. Treatment with ICI 182,780, PDTC or Bay inhibited the nuclear localization of both ERa and p65. Blue, DAPI-stained nuclei. All pictures were obtained the same day using the same microscope settings. Original magnification 3200, bar =50 um. Arrows, cytoplasmic ERa and p65 staining. ICI, ICI 182,780; Bay, Bay 11-7082.

Reduction in IFN-g production in TcREG by IKK-16 coincides with decrease in T-bet and Eomes expression levels. Flow cytometry plots showing cellular analysis for T-bet and Eomes in CD45+CD3+CD8+ population.

AGS cells were treated with cwith IL-1β in the presence of the IKK inhibitor TPCA-1, the p38 MAPK inhibitor BIX02188 and the JNK inhibitor SP600125. Cell lysates were obtained 24 h after IL-1β treatment and immunoblotted with PTEN antibodies.

(B) Histological examinations of xenograft lesions produced by A549 cells. We stained the lesions with H&E, TUNEL and staining for Ki-67. (C, D) The histogram shows percentage of A549 cells that were positive for proliferation marker Ki-67 and apoptosis marker TUNEL in 3 representative fields. Results are expressed as the mean ± SD. ns. P > 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 for the indicated comparisons by 1-way A OVA or Student’s t test.

Renal Nrf2 activity was shown in RTA402-treated acFSGS (RTA402 + acFSGS) mice as early as day 7 (RTA402 + acFSGS) and persisted to day 28, compared to vehicle + acFSGS mice. Kidney in situ ROS production demonstrated by DHE detection.

(E) After transfection with control or catalase siRNAs for 24 h, A375 and G361 cells were treated with vehicle or 2.5 µM BMS-345541, 20 µM PS-1145 and/or 50 µM of fotemustine for an additional 48 h. Cell viability was then assessed. *, p<0.05. (F) A375 and G361 cells were treated with vehicle or 2.5 µM BMS-345541, 20 µM PS-1145 and/or 50 µM of fotemustine, in the presence or absence of catalase inhibitor 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ, 50 µM) for 48 h. Cell viability was then assessed. *, p<0.05.

VSMCs were pretreated with BAY 11-7085 (BAY, 10μmol/L) for 1h and further treated with or without 10^-7mol/L salusin-β for 30min. A, Cytoplasmic extracts (Cy) were obtained and the phosphorylated IκBα, IκBα and HDCA3 protein levels were measured by western blot analysis. B, nuclear extracts (Nu) were obtained and the nuclear p50, p65 and HDAC3 protein levels were measured by western blot analysis. Data are expressed as means ± SD (n=3). *P< 0.05 versus the control with no treatment; #P< 0.05 versus 10^-7mol/L salusin-β treatment alone.

(C) G361 cells were loaded with DCF (ROS probe) and further stimulated with vehicle or indicated IKKβ inhibitors for 3 h. Fluorescence was measured using a fluorescence microplate reader. *, p<0.05 versus control.

A549 cells were treated with NF-kB inhibitor LY2409881 (30 nM) for 2 h, followed by western blot analysis of p-NF-kB.

(E) After transfection with control or catalase siRNAs for 24 h, A375 and G361 cells were treated with vehicle or 2.5 µM BMS-345541, 20 µM PS-1145 and/or 50 µM of fotemustine for an additional 48 h. Cell viability was then assessed. *, p<0.05. (F) A375 and G361 cells were treated with vehicle or 2.5 µM BMS-345541, 20 µM PS-1145 and/or 50 µM of fotemustine, in the presence or absence of catalase inhibitor 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ, 50 µM) for 48 h. Cell viability was then assessed. *, p<0.05.

Induction of basal p62 Ser403 phosphorylation in ULK1/2-deficient MEF was suppressed by BX-795, an inhibitor of TBK1. WT ( Ulk1 +/+/Ulk2 +/+) and Ulk1 -/- /Ulk2 -/-(KO) MEF were treated with NaCl/Pi (Con) or 10 uM BX-795 for 6 h, and subjected to immunoblotting with indicated antibodies.

Immunofluorescence images of Ishikawa cells showing the increase in the nuclear colocalization of ERa (red) and p65 (green) after E2 incubation. Nuclear colocalization is yellow. Treatment with ICI 182,780, PDTC or Bay inhibited the nuclear localization of both ERa and p65. Blue, DAPI-stained nuclei. All pictures were obtained the same day using the same microscope settings. Original magnification 3200, bar =50 um. Arrows, cytoplasmic ERa and p65 staining. ICI, ICI 182,780; Bay, Bay 11-7082.

Reduction in IFN-g production in TcREG by IKK-16 coincides with decrease in T-bet and Eomes expression levels. Flow cytometry plots showing cellular analysis for T-bet and Eomes in CD45+CD3+CD8+ population.

AGS cells were treated with cwith IL-1β in the presence of the IKK inhibitor TPCA-1, the p38 MAPK inhibitor BIX02188 and the JNK inhibitor SP600125. Cell lysates were obtained 24 h after IL-1β treatment and immunoblotted with PTEN antibodies.

(B) Histological examinations of xenograft lesions produced by A549 cells. We stained the lesions with H&E, TUNEL and staining for Ki-67. (C, D) The histogram shows percentage of A549 cells that were positive for proliferation marker Ki-67 and apoptosis marker TUNEL in 3 representative fields. Results are expressed as the mean ± SD. ns. P > 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 for the indicated comparisons by 1-way A OVA or Student’s t test.

Renal Nrf2 activity was shown in RTA402-treated acFSGS (RTA402 + acFSGS) mice as early as day 7 (RTA402 + acFSGS) and persisted to day 28, compared to vehicle + acFSGS mice. Kidney in situ ROS production demonstrated by DHE detection.

(E) After transfection with control or catalase siRNAs for 24 h, A375 and G361 cells were treated with vehicle or 2.5 µM BMS-345541, 20 µM PS-1145 and/or 50 µM of fotemustine for an additional 48 h. Cell viability was then assessed. *, p<0.05. (F) A375 and G361 cells were treated with vehicle or 2.5 µM BMS-345541, 20 µM PS-1145 and/or 50 µM of fotemustine, in the presence or absence of catalase inhibitor 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ, 50 µM) for 48 h. Cell viability was then assessed. *, p<0.05.

VSMCs were pretreated with BAY 11-7085 (BAY, 10μmol/L) for 1h and further treated with or without 10^-7mol/L salusin-β for 30min. A, Cytoplasmic extracts (Cy) were obtained and the phosphorylated IκBα, IκBα and HDCA3 protein levels were measured by western blot analysis. B, nuclear extracts (Nu) were obtained and the nuclear p50, p65 and HDAC3 protein levels were measured by western blot analysis. Data are expressed as means ± SD (n=3). *P< 0.05 versus the control with no treatment; #P< 0.05 versus 10^-7mol/L salusin-β treatment alone.

(C) G361 cells were loaded with DCF (ROS probe) and further stimulated with vehicle or indicated IKKβ inhibitors for 3 h. Fluorescence was measured using a fluorescence microplate reader. *, p<0.05 versus control.

A549 cells were treated with NF-kB inhibitor LY2409881 (30 nM) for 2 h, followed by western blot analysis of p-NF-kB.

(E) After transfection with control or catalase siRNAs for 24 h, A375 and G361 cells were treated with vehicle or 2.5 µM BMS-345541, 20 µM PS-1145 and/or 50 µM of fotemustine for an additional 48 h. Cell viability was then assessed. *, p<0.05. (F) A375 and G361 cells were treated with vehicle or 2.5 µM BMS-345541, 20 µM PS-1145 and/or 50 µM of fotemustine, in the presence or absence of catalase inhibitor 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATZ, 50 µM) for 48 h. Cell viability was then assessed. *, p<0.05.