JAK

STAT3 phosphorylation as determined by phospho flow, mixed lymphocyte reactions containing BALB/c spleen-derived CD4+ T cells co-cultured with or without C57BL/6 BM-derived DC preactivated with 20 ng/mL LPS.

CP-690550 reduced the severity of ischemic damage. (A) CP-690550 (10 μM) suppressed IL-17 production by cdT cells and activated memory T cells. cdT cells and CD4+ CD44+ memory T cells isolated from C5BL6J mice through flow cytometry were stimulated for 24 h with plate-bound monoclonal antibodies to CD3 (2 ng/ml) and CD28 (1 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of IL-23 (25 ng/ml). IL-17A production and IL-17A expression level were measured by quantitative RT-PCR (a) and ELISA (b). (B) CBF reduction after brain ischemia. (C) Time-dependent changes in neurological score. *p < 0.05. (D) Infarct volume as visualized through TTC staining on day 3 in CP-690550 (CP)- and vehicle-treated mice.

 

HEL cells were treated for 3 hours with the indicated concentrations of AZD1480. AZD1480 inhibits Jak2-V617F mediated signal transduction at micromolar  concentrations in intact cells.

 

Colony-forming assay results showing that the Jak2 inhibitor TG101348 reduces CFU-GM colonies generated from mutant fetal liver R2 cells. Results from 4 independent control or mutant fetal livers treated with TG101348 or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) are shown (mean ?SD). ***P < .001.

HEL cells were treated with 0.5, 1 or 5 uM of AT9283 or left untreated for 3 hrs. The expression and phosphorylation state of STAT5 (P-STAT5) and Jak2 (P-Jak2) was assessed by Western blot immunodetection.

Inhibition of JAK1/2 with AG490 or STAT3 with S3I-201 leads to reduced STAT3 activation and reduced WASF3 levels. In contrast, treatment with Dasatinib (SRC inhibitor) or Gefitinib (EGFR inhibitor) does not significantly affect activated STAT3 or WASF3 levels

IL-6- supported INA-6 cells were treated with the JAK inhibitors ruxolitinib (Rux; 10 nM) or CYT387 (CYT; 50 nM) for 1 hour and assessed for inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by immunoblotting.

TRAP-positive multinucleated cell differentiation depends on JAK and is inhibited by tofacitinib in vitro. Effect of tofacitinib on the differentiation of TRAP-positive multi-nucleated cells in vitro (n =3 wells/experiment). Original magnification x 100.

Effects of selective STAT3 inhibitors on adherent glioma CSCs. Cells were treated with WP1066 (50 uM for 2 h) or vehicle, and colocalization of STAT3 and p65 was determined by immunostaining.

EGFR-ERCC1 effect on survival. QGP1 cells were transfected with Scrambled, ERCC1, EGFR, or EGFR-ERCC1 siRNA. Following 48 hours of siRNA transfection, Scrambled siRNA and ERCC1 siRNA-transfected cells were treated with 1 umol/L gefitinib or 125 nmol/L NU7026 (DNAPK inhibitor), or both, while EGFR siRNA and EGFR-ERCC1 siRNA-transfected cells were treated with 125 nmol/L of NU7026 1 hour prior 4 Gy IR treatment. Survival of these cells was then assessed 72 hours following IR treatment via MTT assay. The graphs show percentage of survival from 3 independent experiments as compared with untreated control. Bars show SD. Asterisks show statistical significance (*,P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; NS, nonsignificant).

HEL cells were treated for 3 hours with the indicated concentrations of LY2784544. LY2784544 inhibits Jak2-V617F mediated signal transduction at submicromolar concentrations in  intact cells.

 

Determination of the kynurenine production in HFF cells after IDO induction by IFN-γ (100 U/mL). The cells were incubated for 72 h under normoxia (20% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2) and treated with different amounts of the JAK2 inhibitor BSK805 (0-2 uM).

bDNA analysis showing that the JAK1/2 inhibitors CYT387, AZD1480 and Baricitinib positively regulate UCP1 expression in PSC-WA. Values are mean ± s.d. of n = three biological replicates and differences from DMSO are significant for * P < 0.005. P values were calculated using the two-tailed paired Student's t-test.

Potentiation of the antitumor effects of vincristine by CEP-33779 in a KBv200 cell xenograft model in nude mice. (A) The changes in tumor volume with time after tumor cell implantation. (B) The photograph of tumor size was taken on the 21st day after implantation. The various treatments were as follows: (a) Control (vehicle alone); (b) Vincristine (q2d x 6, ip, 0.2 mg/kg); (c) CEP-33779 (q2d x 6, p.o, 30 mg/kg) and (d) Vincristine (q2d x 6, ip, 0.2 mg/kg) plus CEP-33779 (q2d ?6, p.o, 30 mg/kg, given an hour before Vincristine administration).

Phosphorylation of the CSF-1R targets indicated was examined by immunoblotting

Reversal effect of WHI-P154 on the sensitivity of NCI-H460/MX20 cells to mitoxantrone. The figure showes the survival curves of cells at different concentrations of mitoxantrone with or without WHI-P154. Cell viability was determined by MTT Assay. NCI-H460 is lung cancer cell line while NCI-H460/MX20 is ABCG2 overexpressing drug (mitoxantrone) selected cell line.

Lysates of HCT116p53KO cells were harvested 24 hs after treatment with different GSK3 inhibitors and GSK3A/B activation/inactivation checked by western blot: a mix of pSer21-GSK3A and pSer9-GSK3B antibodies and antibody cross-reacting with both pTyr279-GSK3A and pTyr216-GSK3B were used to assess the specificity of the inhibitor for GSK3A. BIO: 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime, TWS: TWS119, SB2: SB216763, SB4: SB415286.

Confocal microscopy showing BAFF in ductal epithelial structures within SG organoids from patients with sicca (Sc) or primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Original magnification × 100.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion was inhibited by B7‐H4 silence through JAK2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inactivation. (a) ELISA results showed that, compared with cells pretreated with control shRNA, B7‐H4 silence led to reduction of IL‐6 secretion. However, compared with cells pretreated with control shRNA and FLLL32, IL‐6 secretion in Eca109, TE1, and TE13 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells pretreated with B7‐H4 shRNA and FLLL32 was not significantly affected.

Western blots showing the expression of γ-globin after treatments with (F) GLPG0634.

Erk5 activation depends on Mek5, classical PKC and Mek1/2. MOVAS cells were serum-starved overnight and then treated for 1 h if not indicated otherwise with inhibitors targeting Jnk (SP600125, 10 μM), p38 (SB203580, 10 μM), Mek1/2 (CI-1040, 3 μM), Jak2 (AG490, 10 μM), Src (SU6656, 0.5 μM), Go6983 (PKC, 1 μM), Gö6976 (classical PKC, 1 μM), proteasomes (MG132, 25 μM), TPA (100 ng/ml for 15 min to activate PKCs or overnight to inhibit) and Mek5 (BIX02189, 1 μM), as well as Ca2 + chelators (EDTA, 2 mM; BAPTA-AM, 10 μM; both with 30 min preincubation), followed by stimulation with 20 ng/ml PDGF-BB for 10 min. Total cell lysates (TCL) were prepared and subjected to SDS-PAGE. Erk5 and PDGFRβ activities were measured by band shift and Tyr857 phosphorylation, respectively, using immunoblotting. Panel E and G show representative immunoblots.

STAT3 phosphorylation as determined by phospho flow, mixed lymphocyte reactions containing BALB/c spleen-derived CD4+ T cells co-cultured with or without C57BL/6 BM-derived DC preactivated with 20 ng/mL LPS.

CP-690550 reduced the severity of ischemic damage. (A) CP-690550 (10 μM) suppressed IL-17 production by cdT cells and activated memory T cells. cdT cells and CD4+ CD44+ memory T cells isolated from C5BL6J mice through flow cytometry were stimulated for 24 h with plate-bound monoclonal antibodies to CD3 (2 ng/ml) and CD28 (1 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of IL-23 (25 ng/ml). IL-17A production and IL-17A expression level were measured by quantitative RT-PCR (a) and ELISA (b). (B) CBF reduction after brain ischemia. (C) Time-dependent changes in neurological score. *p < 0.05. (D) Infarct volume as visualized through TTC staining on day 3 in CP-690550 (CP)- and vehicle-treated mice.

 

HEL cells were treated for 3 hours with the indicated concentrations of AZD1480. AZD1480 inhibits Jak2-V617F mediated signal transduction at micromolar  concentrations in intact cells.

 

Colony-forming assay results showing that the Jak2 inhibitor TG101348 reduces CFU-GM colonies generated from mutant fetal liver R2 cells. Results from 4 independent control or mutant fetal livers treated with TG101348 or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) are shown (mean ?SD). ***P < .001.

HEL cells were treated with 0.5, 1 or 5 uM of AT9283 or left untreated for 3 hrs. The expression and phosphorylation state of STAT5 (P-STAT5) and Jak2 (P-Jak2) was assessed by Western blot immunodetection.

Inhibition of JAK1/2 with AG490 or STAT3 with S3I-201 leads to reduced STAT3 activation and reduced WASF3 levels. In contrast, treatment with Dasatinib (SRC inhibitor) or Gefitinib (EGFR inhibitor) does not significantly affect activated STAT3 or WASF3 levels

IL-6- supported INA-6 cells were treated with the JAK inhibitors ruxolitinib (Rux; 10 nM) or CYT387 (CYT; 50 nM) for 1 hour and assessed for inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation by immunoblotting.

TRAP-positive multinucleated cell differentiation depends on JAK and is inhibited by tofacitinib in vitro. Effect of tofacitinib on the differentiation of TRAP-positive multi-nucleated cells in vitro (n =3 wells/experiment). Original magnification x 100.

Effects of selective STAT3 inhibitors on adherent glioma CSCs. Cells were treated with WP1066 (50 uM for 2 h) or vehicle, and colocalization of STAT3 and p65 was determined by immunostaining.

EGFR-ERCC1 effect on survival. QGP1 cells were transfected with Scrambled, ERCC1, EGFR, or EGFR-ERCC1 siRNA. Following 48 hours of siRNA transfection, Scrambled siRNA and ERCC1 siRNA-transfected cells were treated with 1 umol/L gefitinib or 125 nmol/L NU7026 (DNAPK inhibitor), or both, while EGFR siRNA and EGFR-ERCC1 siRNA-transfected cells were treated with 125 nmol/L of NU7026 1 hour prior 4 Gy IR treatment. Survival of these cells was then assessed 72 hours following IR treatment via MTT assay. The graphs show percentage of survival from 3 independent experiments as compared with untreated control. Bars show SD. Asterisks show statistical significance (*,P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; NS, nonsignificant).

HEL cells were treated for 3 hours with the indicated concentrations of LY2784544. LY2784544 inhibits Jak2-V617F mediated signal transduction at submicromolar concentrations in  intact cells.

 

Determination of the kynurenine production in HFF cells after IDO induction by IFN-γ (100 U/mL). The cells were incubated for 72 h under normoxia (20% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2) and treated with different amounts of the JAK2 inhibitor BSK805 (0-2 uM).

bDNA analysis showing that the JAK1/2 inhibitors CYT387, AZD1480 and Baricitinib positively regulate UCP1 expression in PSC-WA. Values are mean ± s.d. of n = three biological replicates and differences from DMSO are significant for * P < 0.005. P values were calculated using the two-tailed paired Student's t-test.

Potentiation of the antitumor effects of vincristine by CEP-33779 in a KBv200 cell xenograft model in nude mice. (A) The changes in tumor volume with time after tumor cell implantation. (B) The photograph of tumor size was taken on the 21st day after implantation. The various treatments were as follows: (a) Control (vehicle alone); (b) Vincristine (q2d x 6, ip, 0.2 mg/kg); (c) CEP-33779 (q2d x 6, p.o, 30 mg/kg) and (d) Vincristine (q2d x 6, ip, 0.2 mg/kg) plus CEP-33779 (q2d ?6, p.o, 30 mg/kg, given an hour before Vincristine administration).

Phosphorylation of the CSF-1R targets indicated was examined by immunoblotting

Reversal effect of WHI-P154 on the sensitivity of NCI-H460/MX20 cells to mitoxantrone. The figure showes the survival curves of cells at different concentrations of mitoxantrone with or without WHI-P154. Cell viability was determined by MTT Assay. NCI-H460 is lung cancer cell line while NCI-H460/MX20 is ABCG2 overexpressing drug (mitoxantrone) selected cell line.

Lysates of HCT116p53KO cells were harvested 24 hs after treatment with different GSK3 inhibitors and GSK3A/B activation/inactivation checked by western blot: a mix of pSer21-GSK3A and pSer9-GSK3B antibodies and antibody cross-reacting with both pTyr279-GSK3A and pTyr216-GSK3B were used to assess the specificity of the inhibitor for GSK3A. BIO: 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime, TWS: TWS119, SB2: SB216763, SB4: SB415286.

Confocal microscopy showing BAFF in ductal epithelial structures within SG organoids from patients with sicca (Sc) or primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Original magnification × 100.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion was inhibited by B7‐H4 silence through JAK2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inactivation. (a) ELISA results showed that, compared with cells pretreated with control shRNA, B7‐H4 silence led to reduction of IL‐6 secretion. However, compared with cells pretreated with control shRNA and FLLL32, IL‐6 secretion in Eca109, TE1, and TE13 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells pretreated with B7‐H4 shRNA and FLLL32 was not significantly affected.

Western blots showing the expression of γ-globin after treatments with (F) GLPG0634.

Erk5 activation depends on Mek5, classical PKC and Mek1/2. MOVAS cells were serum-starved overnight and then treated for 1 h if not indicated otherwise with inhibitors targeting Jnk (SP600125, 10 μM), p38 (SB203580, 10 μM), Mek1/2 (CI-1040, 3 μM), Jak2 (AG490, 10 μM), Src (SU6656, 0.5 μM), Go6983 (PKC, 1 μM), Gö6976 (classical PKC, 1 μM), proteasomes (MG132, 25 μM), TPA (100 ng/ml for 15 min to activate PKCs or overnight to inhibit) and Mek5 (BIX02189, 1 μM), as well as Ca2 + chelators (EDTA, 2 mM; BAPTA-AM, 10 μM; both with 30 min preincubation), followed by stimulation with 20 ng/ml PDGF-BB for 10 min. Total cell lysates (TCL) were prepared and subjected to SDS-PAGE. Erk5 and PDGFRβ activities were measured by band shift and Tyr857 phosphorylation, respectively, using immunoblotting. Panel E and G show representative immunoblots.